遠離顚倒夢想 究竟涅槃 (원리전도몽상 구경열반) - 반야심경
Far removed from inverted, deluded dreams; attaining the ultimate Nirvana. - Heart Sutra
夢想 inverted, deluded dreams
There are four types of fundamentally inverted deluded dreams:
1. 상전도 (常顛倒) - 만물이 시시각각 변화하는 무상의 세상인것을 모르고 영원한것이라 착각해, 멸하여 없어지는 육체에 집착하는 전도.
Sangjeondo (The Delusion of Permanence) — The delusion of clinging to the perishable physical body, mistakenly believing it to be eternal, while failing to realize that the world is one of impermanence where all things are constantly changing.
2. 낙전도 (樂顛倒) - 진실의 즐거움을 알지 못하고 사고팔고(四苦八苦) 등의 괴로움을 인생의 낙이라고 보는 전도.
Nakjeondo (The Delusion of Misplaced Pleasure) – A delusion in which one fails to know the joy of truth and mistakes the various sufferings of life—such as the "four fundamental sufferings and four additional sufferings"—for life's pleasures.
3. 아전도 (我顛倒) - 제법이 무아임에도 불구하고 '아'에 매여 집착하는 전도.
Aajeondo (The delusion of self) — the distorted view of clinging to the "self," despite the fact that all phenomena are devoid of an inherent self.
4. 정전도 (淨顛倒) - 몸이나 마음은 부정하고 범뇌에 차있는데도, 그것을 청정하고 올바른것이라고 생각하는 전도.
Jeongjeondo (Correct-seeming Inversion) — A form of distorted perception wherein one regards something as pure and correct, even though the body or mind is actually impure and filled with defilements (afflictions).
사고팔고(四苦八苦)
Four fundamental sufferings and four additional sufferings caused from afflictions
사고 (네 가지 근원적 고통):
생고(生苦): 태어나는 괴로움
노고(老苦): 늙어가는 괴로움
병고(病苦): 병들고 아픈 괴로움
사고(死苦): 죽음을 맞이하는 괴로움
The Four Sufferings (Four Fundamental Forms of Suffering):
Suffering of birth: The suffering of being born
Suffering of aging: The suffering of growing old
Suffering of sickness: The suffering of illness and pain
Suffering of death: The suffering of facing death
팔고 (네 가지 추가적 번뇌의 고통):
애별리고(愛別離苦): 사랑하는 사람이나 헤어지기 싫은 대상과 헤어지는 괴로움
원증회고(怨憎會苦): 미워하고 싫어하는 사람이나 상황을 자꾸 만나게 되는 괴로움
구부득고(求不得苦): 원하는 바를 이루거나 가지려 애썼으나 얻지 못하는 괴로움
오음성고(五陰盛苦) / 오취온고: 오온(신체와 정신의 구성 요소)에 대한 집착으로 생기는 육체적·정신적 번뇌의 괴로움
The Eight Sufferings (Four additional forms of suffering arising from afflictions):
Suffering of separation from loved ones (ae-byeol-ri-go): The pain of parting from a beloved person or something one does not wish to leave.
Suffering of encountering the disliked (won-jeung-hoe-go): The pain of encountering people or situations one hates or detests.
Suffering of unfulfilled desires (gu-bu-deuk-go): The pain of striving to achieve or obtain something one desires but failing to do so.
Suffering of the five aggregates (o-eum-seong-go / o-chwi-on-go): The physical and mental suffering arising from attachment to the five aggregates (the constituent elements of body and mind).
