Dasa Kilesa refers to the ten mental defilements or impurities (kilesa-vatthūni) that stain, corrupt, and cloud the human mind. Found in texts like the Abhidhamma and the Visuddhimagga, these states generate unwholesome actions and perpetuate suffering.
The Ten Defilements
Root Poisons: The first three (lobha, dosa, moha) are the primary unwholesome roots from which all other defilements grow.
1. Lobha (탐): Greed, attachment, and selfish desire.
2. Dosa (진): Hatred, anger, and aversion.
What is Dosa?
Core meaning: A strong mental push away from things we do not like.
Emotions included: Anger, ill-will, malice, resentment, and fear.
Connection: It often starts when greed (wanting something) gets blocked by an obstacle or another person.
There are 9 types of dosa:
(1) Vera (적대심) - In Buddhism, vera is a Pāli word meaning hostility, animosity, or vengeful hatred. It describes the harmful mental state that wants revenge or payback for wrongs. The teachings of the Buddha focus on letting go of vera to stop bad karma and find true peace.
(2) Upanaha (원망) - upanaha (Sanskrit) is a specific mental state meaning resentment, hostility, malice, or grudge-holding. It is defined as the refusal to let go of anger and the hidden wish to cause harm to others.
(3) Makkah (경시) - a Pali word for the mental defilement of contempt and denigration.
(4) Palasa (경쟁) - unmercifulness, malice, spite.
(5) Issa (질투) - jealousy
(6) Macchariya (인색) - stinginess, miserliness, avarice, or selfishness.
(7) Dubbhaka (경직) - hard to talk to; obstinate, obdurate; stubborn; unamenable to verbal correction; perfidious, insidious, treacherous.
(8) Kukkucca (후회) - remorse, regret
(9) Byapada (격노) - In Pali, byāpāda (often spelled byapada) means ill-will, malevolence, malice, or the active wish to harm or injure another living being.
In Pali and Buddhist philosophy, byāpāda (ill-will or malevolence) is an active state of mind wishing harm or misfortune upon others, while vera (enmity or animosity) is the resulting long-term grudge, hatred, or tie of revenge formed with a specific person or target.
3. Moha (치): Delusion and fundamental ignorance.
Spiritual Obstruction: They act as heavy veils over clear consciousness, blocking wisdom (paññā) and trapping beings in the cycle of rebirth (saṁsāra).
4. Māna (거만): Conceit, pride, and arrogance.
5. Diṭṭhi (왜곡된 신념): Wrong views or distorted beliefs.
6. Vicikicchā (의심): Skeptical doubt or indecision about the truth.
7. Thīna (나태): Sloth, torpor, or mental dullness.
8. Uddhacca (산만): Restlessness, agitation, or worry.
Moral Breakdown: The final two (ahirika and anottappa) act as protective barriers of conscience that, when absent, allow evil states to flourish.
9. Ahirika (도덕적 수치심의 결여): Shamelessness or lack of moral shame.
10. Anottappa (도덕적 두려움의 결여): Recklessness or lack of moral dread regarding wrong actions.
No comments:
Post a Comment