The Law of Dependent Origination
It explains how a body is created out of the darkness called ignorance, a karmic condition that precisely matches that of the realm, form, location, timing, parents, family, and quality of the body it enters.
It then rears itself, believing it owns that body-mind (namarupa) permanently, with a strong ego attached to it. Then it ends up going back to that same darkness called ignorance.
It keeps repeating the cycle of these same 12 linking processes traversing about different realms (heaven, human, animal, and hell realms) until it, IF EVER, finally understands there is NO SELF and BREAKS THAT LINK.- Ignorance (avidya,無明): The root cause of suffering, leading to the cycle of rebirth.
- Volitional Activities (sankhara,行): Actions and intentions arising from ignorance.
- Consciousness (vijnana,識): The mind that perceives and experiences.
- Name and Form (nama-rupa, 名色): The body and mind, arising from consciousness.
- Six Sense Bases (sadayatana, 六入): The six senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, mind).
- Contact (sparsa,觸,촉): The interaction between the senses and the external world.
- Feeling (vedana,受,수): The experience of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral sensations.
- Craving (tanha,愛): Attachment and desire arising from feeling.
- Clinging (upadana,取,취): Holding onto things, thoughts, and experiences.
- Existence (bhava,有): The cycle of rebirth and becoming.
- Birth (jati,生): The process of being reborn.
- Aging, Suffering, and Death (jara-marana,老死): The inevitable end of life.
Here's a simple explanation of the Law of Dependent Origination:
Because this exists, that exists;
Because this had happened, that happened.
Because that disappears, this disappears;
Because that was destroyed, this was destroyed.
The Law of Dependent Origination can be explained this way:
왜 늙고 죽음이 있는가? <<<< 태어남 때문에
Why does one get old and die? <<<< Because one was born.
왜 태어나는가? <<<< 업의 생성력 때문에
Why then does one get born? <<<<< Because there was Gandhabba (bhava,有).
업의 생성력은 왜 생기는가? <<<<집착때문에
Then, where does Gandhabba (bhava,有) come from? <<<< It is from Clingings.
집착은 왜 생기는가? <<<<< 갈애 때문에
Why then Clinging occurs? <<<< Because there was Craving.
갈애는 왜 생기는가? <<<<< 느낌 때문에
Where does Craving come from? <<<<< It is from Feeling.
느낌은 왜 생기는가? <<<< 접촉 때문에
Why does Feeling occur? <<<<< Because there were Contacts.
접촉은 왜 생기는가? <<<<< 6식(눈귀코혀몸뇌)이 있기때문에
How then does Contact occur? <<<<< Because there were Six Sense Bases.
6식은 왜 생기는가? <<<<< 명(nama)과 색(rupa)의 결합 때문에
How then do these Six Base Senses get formed? <<<< Because there was unification of 명(nama)과 색(rupa).
명과 색의 결합은 왜 생기는가? <<<<<< 재생의 식 때문에
Why does the unification of 명(nama)과 색(rupa) occur? <<<<<<<<< Because there was Consciousness (vijnana,識).
재생의 식은 왜 생기는가? <<<<< 행 (Volition/Intention)이 있기때문에
Why does Consciousness (vijnana,識) get created? <<<< Because there were Volitions/Intentions exist.
행 (Volition/Intention)은 왜 생기는가? <<<< 무명(Ignorance) 때문에
Why does then volition/intention occur? <<<< Because of the Ignorance of the Four Noble Truths.
Until the link gets broken by one reaching enlightenment, the Law of Dependent Origination keeps repeating itself as a part of Samsara (윤회).
And, this same Law of Dependent Origination can be explained in reverse order:
무명에 의해서 >>>> 형성력(행)이 생기고
Ignorance of the Four Noble Truths leads to Volition/Intention (행).
형성력(행)에 의해서 >>>> 재생의 식이 생기고
Volition/Intention (행) leads to Consciousness (vijnana,식,識).
재생의 식에의해서 >>>>> 명과색의 결합이 생기고
Consciousness (vijnana,識) leads to Namarupa (명색).
명과색의 결합의해서 >>>> 6식이 생기고
Namarupa (명색) leads to Six Sense Bases.
6식에의해서 >>>> 접촉이 생기고
Six Sense Bases (육입) lead to Contacts(촉).
접촉에의해서 >>>> 느낌이 생기고
Contacts(촉) lead to Feelings(수).
느낌(수)에 의해서 >>>> 갈애(애)가 생기고
Feelings lead to Cravings.
갈애(애)의해서 >>>> 집착(취)이 생기고
Craving leads to Clining.
집착(취)에의해서 >>>> 생성력(유)이 생기고
Clinging leads to Gandhabba (bhava, 有).
생성력(유)에의해서 >>>> 태어남(생)이 있고
Gandhabba (bhava, 有) leads to Birth.
태어남(생)이 있기때문에 >>>> 늙고 병들고 죽음(노사)이 있다.
Birth leads to Aging, Sickness, and Death.
The Twelve Links of the Law of Dependent Origination
1. Ignorance (avidya,無明): The root cause of suffering, leading to the cycle of rebirth.
The word '無明' literally means 'no light'. It is understood in the Buddhist term, more specifically as ignorance of the Four Noble Truths.
Ignorance of the Four Noble Truths means not knowing about (1) what is suffering, (2) the causes of suffering, (3) the cessation of suffering, and (4) the path leading to the cessation of suffering (the Eightfold Path).
It is easy to think that being ignorant is not a sin, but in fact, the greatest sins arise from being ignorant. We commit sins because we do not know; we commit evil deeds because we are ignorant of the law of causal effects of karmic consequences.
2. Volitional Activities (sankhara,行): Karma, Conditioned act (有爲,유위) and intentions arising from ignorance.
3. Consciousness (vijnana,識): The mind that perceives and experiences.
4. Name and Form (nama-rupa, 名色): The body and mind, arising from consciousness.
5. Six Sense Bases (sadayatana, 六入): The six senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, mind).
The six sense bases or the six cognitive functions which are sight, hearing, smelling, tasting, body-sensing, and brain-processing.
The six sense bases are:
Eye and seeing
Ear and hearing
Nose and smelling
Tongue and tasting
Body and sensing
Brain and cognizing
6. Contact (sparsa,觸,촉): The interaction between the senses and the external world.
7. Feeling (vedana,受,수): The experience of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral sensations.
8. Craving (tanha,愛): Attachment and desire arising from feeling.
Kama-tanha: Craving for sensual pleasures.
Bhava-tanha: Craving for existence and attachment to a fixed (ego identity) versus impermanent self identity.
Vibhava-tanha: Craving for non-existence or to avoid pain and suffering.
9. Clinging (upadana,取,취): Holding onto things, thoughts, and experiences.
Kāmupādāna: Clinging to sensual pleasures.
Ditthupādāna: Clinging to views or beliefs.
Silabbatupādāna: Clinging to rules and rituals.
Attavādupādāna: Clinging to the idea of a self or ego.
10, Gandhabba (bhava,有): The cycle of rebirth and becoming.
11. Birth (jati,生): The process of being reborn.
12. Aging and Death (jara-marana,老死): The inevitable end of life.
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