아상(我相 )은 나라는 상 이고, 나라는 독립된 실체가 있다는 관념
Atman samjna is the incorrect understanding of "I." It refers to the concept of "self"—specifically, the idea that the self exists as an independent and unchanging entity.
인상(人相)은 남이라는 상 이며, 나와 대비되는 타인(인간)이라는 실체가 있다는 관념
Pudgala samjna is the incorrect understanding of the "other." It refers to the concept that there exists an entity known as "the other" distinct from oneself.
중생상(衆生相)은 세상을 부류로 가르는 상 이고, 우리가 깨닫지 못한 '중생'이며, 이 생명적 당체가 고정불변하게 실존한다는 관념
Sattva samjna is the incorrect understanding of the world and dividing everything into categories, defines us as unenlightened "sentient beings," and holds the view that this very essence of life possesses a fixed, unchanging, and independent existence.
수자상(壽者相)은 시간에 매달리는 상이다. 시공간 속에서 지속되는 영혼이나 목숨이 실재한다는 관념
Jiva samjna is the incorrect understanding of time and clinging to the finite nature of everything, including clinging to "I". The idea that a soul or life exists as an infinitely persisting entity within space and time.
All dukkhas are caused by incorrect understanding or ignorance of these four samjnas.
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